Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam iav fiber ntau: Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua qauv, lub voj voog thiab kev loj hlob coexist

1 iav fiber ntau cov khoom siv qauv, siv rau ntau yam kev lag luam hauv teb chaws

1.1 iav fiber ntau - kev ua haujlwm siab inorganic non-metallic khoom

Cov iav fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo, ntau yam kev siv.Cov iav fiber ntau tau yug los hauv xyoo 1930s, yog pyrophyllite, quartz xuab zeb, limestone, dolomite, borite, boromite thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb ntxhia raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab boric acid, soda tshauv thiab lwm yam tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm inorganic non-metallic cov ntaub ntawv.Nrog lub teeb yuag, siab zog, siab thiab tsis kub tsis kam, corrosion kuj, rwb thaiv tsev kub, nplaim taws retardant, suab haum, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab lwm yam zoo heev thiab ib tug tej yam degree ntawm functional designability, nws yog ib tug zoo heev functional khoom thiab structural khoom.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, iav fiber ntau thermoplastic reinforced cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim sai heev, thiab cov khoom tshiab xws li iav fiber reinforced tsev cov ntaub ntawv, luv fiber ntau thiab ntev fiber ntau ncaj qha cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iav fiber ntau.Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov iav fiber ntau tau nthuav dav los ntawm kev lag luam ib txwm muaj xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev tsheb ciav hlau, kev siv roj av, kev tsim tsheb mus rau cov chaw tawm tshiab xws li aerospace, cua zog tsim, pom thiab tshem tawm plua plav, ib puag ncig engineering, thiab dej hiav txwv engineering.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus kev faib tawm yog txawv, thiab hom iav fiber ntau sib txawv.Raws li cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, lub tuam txhab cov khoom siv iav fiber ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua roving, spun yarn, roving khoom, spun yarn khoom plaub pawg.Roving suav nrog cov xov paj ncaj nraim, xov paj ply thiab cov xov paj luv luv;Cov xov paj zoo tuaj yeem muab faib ua thawj cov xov paj twist, ob lub xov paj twist, cov xov paj ntau thiab cov xov paj ncaj.Roving cov khoom muaj xws li ntau-axial ntaub, plaid ntaub, muaj;Cov khoom siv xov paj zoo muaj xws li cov ntaub siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv.Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv matrix resin matched, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua thermosetting iav fiber ntau thiab thermoplastic iav fiber ntau ob pawg.

Lub matrix resins txuam iav fiber ntau rau thermosetting resins yog phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, polyurethane thiab lwm yam.Thermosetting resin yog linear lossis branched-chain polymer ua ntej kho, thiab tom qab kev kho cua sov, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tau tsim los ntawm cov saw hlau molecular los ua ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm peb sab, uas yog tsim ib zaug thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov dua.Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov teb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov rwb thaiv tsev kub, hnav tsis kam, rwb thaiv tsev, siab voltage thiab lwm yam teebmeem, xws li cua tshuab thiab Circuit Court boards.

Lub matrix resins txuam iav fiber ntau rau thermoplastic cob yog tsuas yog polyolefin, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyformaldehyde thiab lwm yam.Thermoplastic resin yog ib qho hnyav molecular hnyav nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, yog ib tug linear los yog ob peb ceg saw polymer, tsis muaj cross-linking ntawm molecules, tsuas yog van der Waals quab yuam los yog hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus kom nyiam ib leeg.Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem molding, cov thermoplastic resin yog softened thiab ntws tom qab cua kub siab, tsis muaj tshuaj crosslinking, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hauv pwm, thiab cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev txias.Feem ntau yog siv los ua kom muaj zog, tiv thaiv corrosion, qaug zog thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw, xws li kev tsim tsheb, khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hauv tsev.Tom qab cov thermoplastic iav fiber ntau yog kho thiab txias, nws tseem tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov dej los ntawm kev rov ua kom sov thiab muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab.

iav fiber ntau lawm tank kiln yog lub ntsiab, crucible hlau daim duab maj mam thim tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam.Muaj ob lub ntsiab iav fiber ntau cov txheej txheem, uas tau muab faib ua ob txoj kev - crucible wire drawing method thiab ib tug forming - pas dej ua ke kiln wire drawing method.Crucible wire drawing method: cov txheej txheem yog complex, cov iav raw khoom yog melted rau hauv lub khob iav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab ces cov iav pob yog melted ob zaug, thiab high-ceev hlau daim duab yog ua rau iav fiber ntau yarn.Pas dej kiln hlau txoj kev kos duab: cov ntaub ntawv raw xws li pyrophylla yog melted nyob rau hauv lub kiln los ua iav kua, thiab cov npuas raug tshem tawm thiab thauj mus rau lub porous to phaj los ntawm cov channel, thiab cov iav fiber yog kos ntawm kev kub ceev.Lub qhov cub tuaj yeem txuas ntau pua daim hlau los ntawm ntau qhov chaw tib lub sijhawm.Piv nrog rau txoj kev kos duab crucible, lub pas dej kiln hlau yog qhov yooj yim, txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo qis, ruaj khov tsim, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab siab yield, thiab yooj yim rau loj-scale tag nrho automated ntau lawm, uas tau dhau los ua thoob ntiaj teb mainstream ntau lawm. txheej txheem, thiab cov iav fiber ntau uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no suav nrog ntau dua 90% ntawm cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb.